Interpreting ancient food practices: stable isotope and molecular analyses of visible and absorbed residues from a year-long cooking experiment

Date
2020-08-27
Authors
Miller, Melanie J.
Whelton, Helen L.
Swift, Jillian A.
Maline, Sophia
Hammann, Simon
Cramp, Lucy J. E.
McCleary, Alexandra
Taylor, Geoffrey
Vacca, Kirsten
Becks, Fanya
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Springer Nature
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10
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Abstract
Chemical analyses of carbonized and absorbed organic residues from archaeological ceramic cooking vessels can provide a unique window into the culinary cultures of ancient people, resource use, and environmental effects by identifying ingredients used in ancient meals. However, it remains uncertain whether recovered organic residues represent only the final foodstuffs prepared or are the accumulation of various cooking events within the same vessel. To assess this, we cooked seven mixtures of C3 and C4 foodstuffs in unglazed pots once per week for one year, then changed recipes between pots for the final cooking events. We conducted bulk stable-isotope analysis and lipid residue analysis on the charred food macro-remains, carbonized thin layer organic patina residues and absorbed lipids over the course of the experiment. Our results indicate that: (1) the composition of charred macro-remains represent the final foodstuffs cooked within vessels, (2) thin-layer patina residues represent a mixture of previous cooking events with bias towards the final product(s) cooked in the pot, and (3) absorbed lipid residues are developed over a number of cooking events and are replaced slowly over time, with little evidence of the final recipe ingredients.
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Modified from original published version to conform to ADA standards.
Keywords
Lipids, Food, Cooking, Environmental Effects
Citation
Miller, M.J., Whelton, H.L., Swift, J.A. et al. Interpreting ancient food practices: stable isotope and molecular analyses of visible and absorbed residues from a year-long cooking experiment. Sci Rep 10, 13704 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-70109-8
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17 pages
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Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 United States
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