University of Hawai'i System Repository
This site houses works from 6 UH campuses (Kapi‘olani CC, UH West O‘ahu, UH Hilo, Leeward CC, Honolulu CC, Maui College) and our Open Education Resources collection.
Communities in the UH System Repository
Recent Submissions
Open-mindedness predicts racial, political, and socioeconomic diversity of real-world friendship networks
(2025-04-03) Yeji Park; Kate M. Turetsky; Angela L. Duckworth; Eli Tsukayama
Even in environments offering ample opportunities to interact with people from diverse backgrounds, people differ in their tendency to form intergroup friendships. Whereas some develop intergroup friendships, others prefer befriending ingroup members, contributing to prejudice and polarization. We identify open-mindedness—an inclination to engage with and understand different perspectives—as an individual difference predicting the racial, political, and socioeconomic diversity of real-world friendship networks. In a longitudinal study of 1,423 eighth–ninth graders, more open-minded adolescents developed more racially diverse friendship networks over 2 years. Two additional studies (total N = 1,585 adults) replicated and extended this finding: Open-mindedness predicted greater racial, political, and socioeconomic diversity of friends, and was more consistently associated with friendship diversity than Big Five openness to experience. The associations between open-mindedness and friendship diversity were partly explained by open-minded individuals’ lower avoidance of interaction with outgroup members. Building open-mindedness may be one individual-level approach to promote friendships across divides.
Photographic guide to the leaf litter arthropod community of the lowland wet forest ecosystem of the Island of Hawaiʻi
(University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 2025-05-29) Hall, Trebor; Peck, Robert; Robins, Anuhea; Munstermann, Maya; Ostertag, Rebecca; Sebastián González, Esther; DiManno, Nicole; Cordell, Susan; Banko, Paul; Nash, Sarah
Leaf litter arthropods are important components of the food web in forests, and their presence and diversity can provide information on forest health. There has been very little documentation of the leaf litter arthropods in Hawaiian forest ecosystems. This technical report is a photographic guide to some common arthropods collected from forest leaf litter at the Liko Nā Pilina Hybrid Ecosystems Project study site, a lowland wet forest in Hilo, Island of Hawaiʻi, USA. Leaf litter samples were collected from plots of invaded and experimental restoration communities using two complementary methods (litterbags and quadrats), and arthropods were extracted using Berlese funnels. The field site contained many morphospecies that were rare and locally distributed across plots, and only a few that were very common and widely distributed. The majority of the morphospecies identified were mites. This photoguide is designed to help identify arthropods found in plant litter in Hawaiian lowland forests and it may assist with research and education efforts concerned with the diversity, ecology, or conservation of litter arthropods across the Hawaiian archipelago and other Pacific islands.
A Framework for Marine Stock Enhancement in Hawai`i
(2025-05-21) Masse, Richard
With declines in fish populations, marine stock enhancement programs have been used to restore fish stocks since the late 19th century. Marine stock enhancement, defined as the intentional release of wild or cultured fish with the aim of increasing population size and support fisheries, provides increased food security, opportunities for socioeconomic benefits, and support natural systems negatively impacted by overfishing and habitat loss. Early marine stock enhancement programs suffered from poor survival of released fishes and lacked effective management strategies; however, with recent advancements of aquaculture technologies, there was a renewed interest in marine stock enhancement. Based on experiences, success, and failures of previous marine stock enhancement programs along with this renewed interest, the need for a comprehensive marine stock enhancement framework was identified.
A framework for marine stock enhancement was developed in the late 20th century, in part from the experiences of marine stock enhancements in Hawai`i. In the 1990’s two marine stock enhancement programs in Hawai`i released `ama`ama (striped mullet, Mugil cephalus) and moi (Pacific threadfin, Polydactylus sexfilis) with some success but also identified needs for further research and refinement to the framework. The result was “Responsible approach to marine stock enhancement” (Blankenship and Leber, 1995) followed by an updated document titled the “Responsible approach to marine stock enhancement: An update” published by Lorenzen et al. in 2010. This document is widely accepted as the framework to be used for marine stock enhancement programs worldwide and consists of 15 elements broken down to three stages: the initial appraisal and goal setting, research and technology development including pilot studies, and operation implementation and adaptive management. However, this approach is a generic framework that needs to be adapted to local conditions and address the desires of the stakeholders and communities that rely on the fisheries to be enhanced.
What follows first in this document are the three stages and 15 elements presented verbatim from Lorenzen et al. (2010), copied directly as not to distort the intentions of the framework, followed by a short summary of each element of the framework to identify the decisions, research, and management approaches. The final section for each element highlights the decisions, conditions, approaches, and management strategies needed for marine stock enhancements in Hawai`i while providing recommendations based on research and experiences with the stakeholders and local communities. The literature cited serves as a starting point to inform the program manager though it needs to be noted that the intention of this document was not to provide an exhaustive literature review.
Developing a marine stock enhancement program is an iterative process that will require establishment of community-based working groups and providing a management structure that integrates Western science with Indigenous knowledge, and develop an open and participatory decision-making framework for a successful marine stock enhancement program.