Comparison of Weight Loss Diabetic Medication and Self-reported Obesity Prevalence Rates in the United States in 2021
Date
2024-11-22
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Abstract
Poster Title: Comparison of weight loss diabetic medication prescribing and self-reported obesity prevalence rates
in the United States in 2021
Authors: Neilsen Gazo, P3 Student Pharmacist; Bryce Fukunaga, PharmD
Purpose -
According to the ADA 2023 guidelines, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RA) and sodium-glucose
cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are effective medications for weight loss in individuals with diabetes. Given the
substantial health risks, a focus on weight management is vital. The purpose of this study is to determine if there is an
association between the prescribing rates of weight loss diabetic medications, GLP1RA and SGLT2i, and obesity
prevalence rates in the United States.
Methods -
This was a retrospective data analysis, utilizing state prescription information from the 2021 Medicare Provider
Utilization and Payment: Part D Prescriber Data. Data on claims and beneficiaries of weight loss diabetic medications
across all 50 states available in 2021 were collected, including GLP1RA (Dulaglutide, Exenatide, Liraglutide,
Lixisenatide, and Semaglutide) and SGLT2i (Canagliflozin, Dapagliflozin, Empagliflozin, and Ertugliflozin). Prescribing
rates for GLP1RA and SGLT2i, both individually and together, were analyzed. Combination medications containing these
agents were excluded. Information on the prevalence of self-reported obesity among adults in the United States for 2021
was gathered from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (CDC
BRFSS). Graphs and heat maps were generated using Microsoft Excel for visual representations.
Results -
In 2021, the top five states with the highest GLP1RA prescribing rates were Alaska, North Dakota, Massachusetts, North
Carolina, and New York. The top five states with the highest SGLT2i prescribing rates were Hawaii, New York,
Pennsylvania, Connecticut, and Kentucky. The top five states with the highest GLP1RA plus SGLT2i prescribing rates
were New York, Alaska, Hawaii, Pennsylvania, and North Carolina. The top ten states with the highest self-reported
obesity prevalence rates were West Virginia, Kentucky, Alabama, Oklahoma, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, South
Dakota, Ohio, and Missouri. Kentucky had one of the highest SGLT2i prescribing rates and was also within the top ten
states with the highest self-reported obesity prevalence rates. All other states mentioned in the top five states for GLP1RA,
SGLT2i, and GLP1RA plus SGLT2i prescribing rates were not among the top ten states with the highest self-reported
obesity prevalence rates.
Conclusion -
There was no strong correlation between the prescribing rates of GLP1RA and SGLT2i and obesity prevalence rates in the
United States in 2021. Some limitations of this study include limited age group populations of Medicare Part D data and
the subjectiveness of self-reported obesity prevalence. Further research is warranted to observe larger sample sizes with
greater ranges of age groups to further evaluate the correlation of this study
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