HULIHIA KA ʻĀINA, ʻONIPAʻA KA LAUAʻE O MAKANA–COMMUNITY ROOTEDNESS IN THE FACE OF CHANGE ON THE NORTH SHORE OF KAUAʻI
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2023-05
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This community-driven heritage management project expresses the duality of ʻonipaʻa (steadfast) and hulihia (overturned, a complete change) found in Hāʻena, Kauaʻi. To contextualize this duality, this research addresses questions about the story of Hāʻena from a Kauaʻi-centric view, envisioning the wao kānaka (human realm) and its importance, hulihia events that have shaped community and ʻāina (land) alike, and how the community has persisted becoming the kuaʻāina (backbone of the land) of Hāʻena. The collaboration with Hāʻena’s lineal descendants builds an understanding of ʻāina momona (the state of sustainable resource abundance) in a changing world. This research re-maps the ahupuaʻa (social-ecological community) archaeological footprint to gain insight into how ka poʻe kahiko (the ancient people) might have engaged in resource management. Additionally, ethnographic work helps reclaim the moʻolelo (history) of the kuaʻāina to illuminate why the community is ʻonipaʻa. The initial objective was to estimate the potential carbohydrate production yield, carrying capacity, and resilience of the ahupuaʻa by utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS), archaeological survey methods, and first-hand accounts. This goal was modified after historic flooding on Kauaʻi in 2018. This flooding is just one of many hulihia events that have shaped the community as we examine how place-based management facilitates community resilience in the face of natural disasters and the feedback loop of how natural disasters highlight place-based management strategies related to heritage management building community resilience. I argue that the north shore Kauaʻi community is ʻonipaʻa in the face of change through the integration of ancestral knowledge and modern thought while the community strives to revitalize an ʻāina momona.
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Cultural resources management, Cultural anthropology, Archaeology, Agroecology, Hāʻena, Heritage Management, Hulihia, ʻĀina Momona, ʻOnipaʻa
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