He Kālailaina i nā Kāhulu Pepeke Poke Kiʻa a Waila hoʻi o ka ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi a me ka Ili ʻana o ia mau Kāhulu Pepeke i Loko o ka Moʻolelo ʻo Kalapana

Date
2016-12
Authors
Cabral, Jason
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Kamanā, Kauanoe
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Hawaiian Language and Literature
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ʻŌWEHE He kālailaina kēia pepa i nā kāhulu pepeke poke kiʻa (KPPK) a me nā kāhulu pepeke poke waila (KPPW), ʻo ia hoʻi nā kāhulu pepeke i loaʻa ke poke kiʻa a poke waila paha ma ke kūlana poʻo o ke kāhulu pepeke. I mea kēia kālailaina e kākoʻo ʻia ai ke aukahi hoʻōla ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi o Ka Haka ʻUla O Keʻelikōlani e neʻe aku nei i mua me ka manaʻolana e lilo ia he kumu waiwai e kilo ʻia a e nānā ʻia e nā ʻahi kananā o nā hanauna hou nāna e kahukahu mau ana i ka mauli ola o ka ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi i ka wā e kōkua a kākoʻo ʻia ai ka ʻoihana hoʻōla ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi e ua kālailaina nei. He ala pū kēia pepa e ola hou ai ka ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi i ka palapala ʻia o ka ʻike e pili ana i ia mau hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi, ʻo ke KPPK a me ke KPPW hoʻi, i loko o kēia pōʻaiapili o ke kālaiʻike kulanui. Ua nui nā kālailai ʻia ʻana o nā kāhulu pepeke i loaʻa ka poke painu me ke kūlana poʻo, e like me ke kāhulu pepeke painu a kālele ʻākena hoʻi. He kākaʻikahi nō naʻe ke kālailai ʻia ʻana o ke KPPK a me ke KPPW a no ia kumu i piha pono ʻole ai ke kālailai ʻia ʻana o kēia kāhulu pepeke. He hōʻike kēia pepa i ke kālailai ʻana i kekahi mau ʻaoʻao a hiʻohiʻona hoʻi o ia mau kāhulu pepeke i kālailai mua ʻole ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kālailai ʻana i nā kāhulu pepeke poke kiʻa (KPPK) a waila (KPPW) pili a akapili hoʻi, ka helu ʻana i nā ʻano ʻami like ʻole o ka poke kiʻa i hiki ke lilo he poʻo kāhulu pepeke, ke kālailai ʻana i nā pepeke mole nona ia mau kāhulu pepeke, a me ke kālailai ʻana i ka lilo ʻana o nā ʻano kūlana like ʻole a me ka nonoʻa o ia mau kūlana he kiʻa, poke, a pepeke alakaʻi paha no ke kāhulu pepeke. ʻO ke aulaʻa kekahi ʻaoʻao nui e kaʻawale ai ke kāhulu pepeke ma nā waeʻanona pili a akapili hoʻi ma waho aku o ka pilinaʻōlelo. No laila, e ʻike ʻia ma kēia pepa ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana a me ka hoʻokūkū ʻana i nā KPPK a KPPW hoʻi o ka ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi me ke kaʻina makakoho kiʻa alakaʻi (Accessibility Hierarchy) a me ke ʻano o ka wehewehe ʻana o ke kāhulu pepeke no kona kiʻa alakaʻi e like me ke kālailai ʻana a Keenan lāua ʻo Comrie (1977) ma kā lāua noiʻi ʻana i nā lula o ke kāhulu pepeke o nā ʻano ʻōlelo like ʻole. Ma ka ʻaoʻao pilinaʻōlelo, ʻo kekahi kumu e kapa ʻia nei he kāhulu pepeke pili ma kēia kālailaina, ʻo ia nō ka pili ʻana o ia ʻano kāhulu pepeke i kona alakaʻi ma ka lālā hoʻokahi o ka hopunaʻōlelo. ʻO ke kāhulu pepeke akapili hoʻi, e waiho ana ia ʻano kāhulu ma kekahi lālā ʻokoʻa a e noho ana hoʻi ma ke “aka” o ka poke a pepeke alakaʻi paha. E kālailai ʻia naʻe ia mau ʻano kāhulu pepeke ʻelua i helu ʻia aʻe nei ma ke ʻano he poke kiʻa wale nō e noho kāhulu ana, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kāhulu pepeke poke kiʻa a waila piko ʻole (KPPK a KPPW (-P)), a ma ke ʻano hoʻi he pepeke piha i loaʻa kona piko, ʻo ke kāhulu pepeke poke kiʻa a waila piko hoʻi (KPPK a KPPW (+P)). E kālailai mua ʻia aku nō nā pepeke mole nona ia mau kāhulu pepeke poke kiʻa. E hōʻike ʻia aku nā laʻana o ia mau ʻano kāhulu pepeke mai loko mai o nā nūpepa kahiko a me nā palapala kahiko ʻē aʻe i kākau ʻia ma mua o ka hilimia loa ʻana o ka ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi i ka ʻōlelo Pelekānia. E hōʻike pū ʻia ke kālailai ʻia ʻana o kekahi mau ʻano KPPK a KPPW hoʻi i ʻano ʻokoʻa mai nā mea i wehewehe mua ʻia aʻela. ʻO kekahi o nā ʻokoʻa nui o ia mau kāhulu pepeke, ʻo ia ke komo ʻana o ka pepeke painu me ka poke kiʻa ma ke ʻano he kālele kūlana, he ʻami nonoʻa nui me ka poke painu, a me ka ʻami nonoʻa nui ma ke ʻano he kālele ʻākena. Pēlā pū nō hoʻi ka hōʻike ʻia ʻana o ka lilo ʻana o ka papani he kiʻa alakaʻi no ke KPPK a me ke kālele ʻia ʻana o ke kūlana nonoʻa i kiʻa alakaʻi i loko o ke KPPK a me ke KPPW. E hōʻike ʻia ka ʻikepili o ka ili ʻana o ia mau ʻano KPPK a KPPW hoʻi i loko o Kalapana, he moʻokalaleo Hawaiʻi i kākau ʻia e Moses Nākuina, he mānaleo hoʻi, i mea e kālailai ʻia ai ka hoʻohana ʻia maoli ʻia ʻana o ia mau ʻano kāhulu pepeke i loko o ia kākau moʻolelo ʻana o ia kupuna mānaleo. Abstract This dissertation is an analysis of noun phrase relative clause (NPRC) and existential relative clauses (EPRC) of Hawaiian. This analysis was designed to support the Hawaiian language revitalization movement of Ka Haka ʻUla O Keʻelikōlani, the College of Hawaiian Language at the University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo. It supports the educational philosophy of the college, the Kumu Honua Mauli Ola, which targets the development and maintenance of the mauli Hawaiʻi, the Hawaiian life force or identity, by providing a resource for the future generations of Hawaiian language speakers tasked with maintaining and strengthening the life of the language, a major aspect of mauli Hawaiʻi. Additionally, this paper provides a distinct domain where Hawaiian can exist by documenting the aspects of the NPRC and EPRC in the Hawaiian language for Hawaiian language speakers in the context of university academia. Verb phrase RC (VPRC) of the Hawaiian language seems to garner most of the attention when it comes to Hawaiian language analysis. Accounts of NPRC and EPRC analyzes were infrequent and inadequate. This paper will reveal certain facets and aspects of these types of RC that were previously unanalyzed, namely restrictive RC (pili) and relative appositives (akapili) of NPRC and EPRC, the listing of their predicate markers, the analysis of their root forms, and the positions of the root sentence from where the relativized head noun or phrasal head noun originated. Semantics, particularly the description of the head noun the RC provides, plays a major role in the categorization of restrictive and relative appositive NPRC and EPRC of Hawaiian. Pili RC provides a description separating the head noun from other potential head nouns of the same domain. Akapili RC provides additional information or renames the phrasal head noun, not necessarily isolating its head from other head nouns of the same domain. The paper will compare and contrast the NPRC and EPRC with Keenan and Comrie’s Accessibility Hierarchy to help analyze the differences of the RC’s description. Syntactically, pili (join, cling) was chosen as the word to describe restrictive RC because it is usually attached to the head noun and found in the same phrase. Akapili was chosen to represent relative appositives because the RC is not attached to the head noun and is found in the subsequent phrase in the “aka” or shadow of the phrasal head noun. These two types of RC will be further categorized into subjectless (-S) RC and RC that retains its subject (+S). An analysis of the relationship of these RC with their root forms will also be provided. Examples providing verification of these RC were collected from old Hawaiian newspapers and other forms of literature composed before the negative effects of English on Hawaiian became prevalent. Forms of NPRC and EPRC that differ from those previously mentioned will also be examined. These include types of NPRC that also have verb phrases, such as kālele kūlana RC and NPRC using genitive predicate markers along with a verb phrase. Other differing forms include the relativization of pronouns and the relativization of genitives in NPRC and EPRC. Data of the the distribution of these types of RC in Kalapana, a story written by native Hawaiian language speaker Moses Nākuina, will be analyzed to provide authentic context and frequency of RC usage in this form of literature.
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Language, Education, Educational philosophy, educational philosophy, existential phrase relative clause, noun phrase relative clause, relative clause
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163 pages
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