Browsing by Author "Heritage Management"

Now showing 1 - 12 of 12
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    Allies of the Movement to Protect Mauna Kea: Non-Indigenous Solidarity in Kanaka Maoli Protectivism
    (2020-05) Laden, Abigail; Kawelu, Kathy; Heritage Management
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    CROSSING THE ‘A‘Ā: CONNECTING CULTURAL LANDSCAPES AND COMMUNITY VALUES ALONG THE KULA KAI TRAILS OF HĪLEA, KA‘Ū, HAWAI‘I
    (2017-05) Clark, Matthew Ranney; Mills, Peter R.; Heritage Management
    Western perspectives, as manifest in archaeological practice, have dominated the study of Hawai‘i’s ancestral places for more than a century. In recent years, cultural practitioners and indigenous Hawaiian scholars have begun to employ alternative methodologies for interacting with and interpreting Hawai‘i’s heritage landscapes. Here I examine the intersection of trails, cultural landscapes, and community values within the kula kai (seaward plain) of Hīlea, Ka‘ū, on the Island of Hawai‘i. I attempt to contextualize the trails within the physical setting of the ‘a‘ā landscape, the ethnohistoric past, and the sociopolitical environment of heritage management as it is currently practiced in Hawai‘i. By examining this landscape of movement in its various physical, sociopolitical, and culture historical contexts, I demonstrate how an understanding of movement and connection, both past and present, can create spaces for establishing communication and collaboration between archaeological and Kanaka Maoli communities in the future.
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    He Kuleana Hoʻokaulike: Balancing Tourism and Cultural Perpetuation in the Hilo Lei Day Community
    (2019-12) Schuler, Nicole Leigh; Genz, Joseph .; Heritage Management
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    Koʻa Heiau Holomoana: Voyaging Set in Stone
    (2017-05) Mello, Nicole Antoinette; Genz, Joseph; Heritage Management
    Decades of Western influence led to the decline of seafaring knowledge and cultural practices throughout the Pacific. The 1960s and 1970s saw the flourishing of Hawaiian culture. The revival of open-ocean voyaging and non-instrument navigation was a key facet to this reawakening. Approximately 50 years after reincorporation of this practice, wayfinding is once again part of everyday lives for Pacific Islanders. This thesis elaborates on the navigational heiau Koʻa Heiau Holomoana in its centrality to the organization Nā Kālai Waʻa by being their cultural piko and training ground. Interviews, participant observation, EDXRF analysis, and research combine to begin to determine the heiau’s upright stone origins. This community-based collaborative project documents the heiau in its contemporary setting to contribute to its preservation against the influx of tourists. I demonstrate that Koʻa Heiau Holomoana connects Nā Kālai Waʻa to broader Pacific voyaging spheres in the past and in the present while centering community members to their home training ground and spiritual center.
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    MOʻOLELO ʻO NĀ IWI KŪPUNA: CONNECTING THE PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE OF THE NĀ ʻŌIWI MAMO
    (2017-12) Halliwell, Tamara Ku'ulei; Morrison, Lynn; Heritage Management
    Nā ʻŌiwi mamo (Aboriginal Hawaiian descendants) have a deep and abiding love and respect for their iwi kūpuna (ancestral remains). In this thesis, I explore the attitudes and perceptions of the nā ʻŌiwi mamo of Hawaiʻi Island and more specifically Hōkūliʻa development community located in Kailua-Kona. I interviewed 20 nā ʻŌiwi mamo who are connected to the burial issues concerning iwi kūpuna. They represent lineal descendants, cultural descendants, and ʻŌiwi archaeologists. Through the coding, five major themes were identified: identity through place and ancestors; kuleana (responsibility) and kāhea (calling); preservation in place; knowledge for advocacy; and self-determination and decision making. An innovative educational module provided the stimulus for kūkākūkā (discussion) on how non-destructive skeletal examinations can produce osteobiographies, or another story, of the lives of the iwi kūpuna. This module was instrumental in understanding the changing lens of nā ʻŌiwi mamo empowerment in protecting and preserving the iwi kūpuna. In this thesis, I demonstrate that the iwi kūpuna have a significant role in edifying ʻŌiwi (Aboriginal Hawaiian) ancestry as well as the ʻŌiwi current cultural identity. I demonstrate this by highlighting the central significance of moʻolelo (stories) in the ʻŌiwi culture, and specifically how osteobiographies are a contemporary form of moʻolelo. Ka poʻe kahiko (the people of old) of Hawaiʻi were haʻi moʻolelo (storytellers). Oli (chant), hula (dance), and moʻokūʻauhau (genealogy) are traditional methods of storytelling. In this way moʻolelo transcend time and space, linking each succeeding generation to the ones before as well as those yet unborn, an unbroken chain of continuity of the ʻŌiwi culture. Osteobiographies can be added to the canon of knowledge passed from generation to generation. The most significant finding is that nā ʻŌiwi mamo in this research project were not opposed to learning the stories of their iwi kūpuna under certain conditions and have it become a part of the historical and cultural canon of nā ʻŌiwi mamo.
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    NĀ KIʻI LĀʻAU, THE GODS AND GUARDIANS AT PUʻUHONUA O HŌNAUNAU NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK, SOUTH KONA, HAWAIʻI
    (2017-05) Blakemore, Kalena Kahawaiolaa; Genz, Joseph; Heritage Management
    The kiʻi lāʻau (wooden images) stationed at Hale o Keawe on the grounds of Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau National Historical Park represent various meanings and significance to community members in South Kona, Hawaiʻi and malihini (visitors) who venture to this destination from abroad. This research endeavored to understand the contemporary cultural meanings and significance of the kiʻi lāʻau through the lens of ʻŌiwi (Native people). Through collaborative community engagement utilizing oral history methods and archival research, stories were gathered, analyzed, and interpreted. In this MA thesis, I argue that the contemporary significance and meaning of the kiʻi lāʻau to cultural and lineal descendants of Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau is the maintenance of a profound spiritual and sacred connection to the puʻuhonua through ritual ceremony and revitalization of cultural practices. In my capacity as both scribe of ʻŌiwi voices and ʻŌiwi anthropologist, I contend that the kiʻi lāʻau represent a foundational platform of symbolism for ʻŌiwi and descendants of Hōnaunau, Kiʻilae, and Kēōkea who express generational pride in the legacy left by the carvers of the 1960s by organizing their understanding of the world through ritualized spiritual maintenance and continued knowledge exchange in order to perpetuate their heritage.
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    RESTORATION OF ʻĪMAKAKĀLOA HEIAU, KAʻALĀIKI, KAʻŪ HAWAIʻI: REDEFINING ANCIENT STRUCTURES FOR A LIVING CULTURE
    (2017-05) Mossman, Konrad Kalahoohie; Kawelu, Kathy; Heritage Management
    This thesis examines an Indigenous initiative to restore ʻĪmakakāloa Heiau, an ancient hula temple in Kaʻalāiki, Kaʻū on the island of Hawaiʻi to be utilized by the living culture for ritual and ceremony. This project was initiated by Kumu Hula (Hula Masters) with genealogical ties to the Kaʻū area seeking to elevate their practice through heiau ceremony. Together with the Kaʻū community, archaeologists, cultural practitioners, non-profit organizations, heritage managers and government agencies, a collaborative approach to understand this sacred place and the ceremony and protocol associated with it emerged. This thesis examines how traditional knowledge and ancestral processes of environmental connection can be used in conjunction with Indigenous archaeology in the field of heritage management. My research utilizes an interdisciplinary approach combining ethno-historical research with archaeology as complementary ways of understanding the past. Drafting a preservation plan to guide the restoration and overall site preservation efforts is an important facet of this study, but the design of the research by cultural practitioners and the grounding of this research in Indigenous knowledge is what allows for an Indigenous approach to heritage management. Virtually every aspect of this project involved cultural practitioner participation. This study demonstrates the process of Indigenous Heritage Management, an approach that maintains community and stakeholder engagement, honors cultural protocol, utilizes Indigenous knowledge and serves Indigenous initiatives. A site documentation process utilized before during and after the restoration of the site will be implemented to provide a chronological record of the restoration process. The study also resulted in a protocol guide created specifically for the ʻĪmakakāloa Heiau restoration by the Kumu Hula to be disseminated to various Hālau in preparation for a rededication ceremony in 2018. By providing protocols, this research aids in the perpetuation of hula ceremony practices and rituals which maintains the connection between cultural practitioners and their environment. While many Indigenous archaeological projects are initiated by an archaeologist and include the Indigenous community; this project is initiated by the Indigenous practitioner community and, when necessary, includes archaeologists, educators, students, cultural practitioners, experts, non-profit organizations and government agencies, illustrating the many facets of collaboration involved in Indigenous heritage management.
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    Through the Lens of the ‘Ili Kūpono: Re-establishing Connections to Pi‘opi‘o, Waiākea, Hilo, Hawai‘i Through Ethnohistory, Archaeology and Community
    (2017-05) Brandt, Lokelani M.P.; Kawelu, Kathleen; Heritage Management
    This thesis takes an in-depth look at the Hawaiian cultural history of the ‘ili kūpono of Pi‘opi‘o located in the ahupua‘a of Waiākea, Hilo, Hawai‘i. This research draws from ethnohistorical accounts written in both the Hawaiian and the English languages. These narratives are employed as a means to understand the function of the ‘ili kūpono land division and its association to Hawai‘i Island’s chiefly class. Nineteenth-century Māhele records and Boundary Commission Testimonies offer a glimpse into the life of the maka‘āinana (commoners) who utilized both land and marine resources for their survival. Although anchored in the distant past, this study also demonstrates historical continuity by employing an Indigenous framework to begin the process of rebuilding a community- one that advocates for the preservation of Pi‘opi‘o’s heritage. Through community outreach efforts, the ethnohistorical record is complimented with aspects of oral history and archaeology as a way to enhance our understanding and connection to this unassuming place we know as Pi‘opi‘o.
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    Waimea's Heritage Landscape: Using GIS to Communicate Change and Significance of a Cultural Landscape in South Kohala, Hawaiʻi
    (2018-06) Plunkett Jr., Samuel W.L.; Kawelu, Kathy; Heritage Management
    Hawaiʻi County’s Land Use Pattern Allocation Guideline map (LUPAG) show an increase in lands being allocated for urban development in the South Kohala District of Hawaiʻi Island. Being that land allocations, and subsequent zoning is created by a combination of Hawaiʻi State Land Use designations, and the Hawaiʻi County General Plan, this thesis addresses preservation and restoration of a region’s natural and cultural resources, and sense of place from a planning approach. In order to incorporate both cultural and environmental resources into an integrated plan, that also accounts for community input, I combine a cultural landscape approach with geographic information systems (GIS) to produce a Heritage Landscape Resource Inventory Model. Through this model I spatially re-present Waimea Kālana, a traditional land unit that occupied most of modern day South Kohala. In re-presenting Waimea Kālana, a geographic and cultural baseline was created which challenges current perceptions of place in order to invite planning participants (community and governmental) to consider layers of landscape significance from an earlier point in time. This project argues that this geo-cultural baseline could be used by the Waimea community to raise its collective heritage awareness and participate in land-use planning. By re-presenting cultural landscape attributes of Waimea Kālana on a GIS format, this project will spatially model interconnections between a variety of resources, articulate its cultural and natural significance, and exemplify how a community might turn statements of significance into community derived land-use guidelines. In effect this model aims help a community preserve its sense of place and sustainably manage its cultural, and natural resources for their benefit, and for the benefit of the future generations of Waimea, South Kohala, Hawaiʻi.